Today was a good day! In class we talked about bonds, what they are and the different types. If you missed class (and there were only 3 of you not in class!!!!) please read the below:
Bonds
The name is Bond…. Chemical bond. I am the glue that holds it all together. Remember that fancy martini glass James Bond used? Held together by chemical bonds! Same with his Walther P38. Same with James, himself. And, come to think of it, I also hold the villain together. Pretty powerful stuff!
Remember when we talked about molecules? Well molecules are half atoms and half bonds. Bonds tell us how atoms fit together. They tell us how strongly or loosely molecules are held together.
So, really, “bonds” are about electrons. You may have already figured out that chemistry is actually mostly about electrons! They are the smallest of the three particles in the atom (what are the others ones, again?) and they weigh very little.
But they fly around at almost the speed of light, and they are constantly in motion.
So, the atoms that make up molecules can either share electrons, or they can keep them to themselves.
In table salt (NaCl, remember?) the Sodium loses its electron and the Chlorine captures it. So, now the extra electron is bound or bonded to the chlorine atom.
Of course, in other molecules, the atoms share electrons.
If they are shared, that is a covalent bond. Think of that prefix, “co”. Like coexist (meaning getting along together) or cooperate. In a covalent bond, the atoms share, or cooperate or coexist (you get the idea!) their electrons.
Because they share the electrons, molecules with covalent bonds tend to be strong. Neither atom wants to give up those shared electrons, so the atoms stick together. That makes a strong bond, kind of like the loyalty James showed to Q, his boss.
Ionic bonds can also be strong, but can be broken apart, often by water, to form solutions. You all know how easily table salt dissolves in water. And, by tasting it, you know that it is salt water. The salt has not changed its properties, it has just broken apart into sodium ions and chloride ions. Since they do not care to share electrons, that is easy for them to do. They say that breaking up is hard to do, but not so much if you are ionic. You can only find ionic bonds between a metal and a non-metal
Metallic bonds are just a little different. They share electrons freely, no single atom having more electrons than another. Metallic bonds are one reason that metal conducts electricity so well. The electrons freely flow through the metal.
Dipole-Dipole is just fun to say! Now say it like Bond, James Bond. Dipole-dipole bonds are weak and variable. The positive end of one molecule will bond weakly with the negative end of another molecule. The bonds break and reform easily when molecules are in solution (liquid).
Hydrogen bonds are really awesome. They are really weak bonds that disappear and reform in the blink of an eye. There are tons of them in Bonds martini’s. They only form between water molecules. Hydrogen bonds are like dipole-dipole bonds, they form between the positive and negative poles of water molecules. So, between the oxygen of one molecule and a hydrogen of another molecule hydrogen bonds can form.
Covalent bonds are some of the most common bonds. In covalent molecules the atoms share valence electrons equally. So, if an electron is shared between two carbon atoms it will spend half of its time with one carbon atom and the other half of the time with the other carbon atom. Covalent bonds are between non-metal atoms.
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